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Synthetic Biology Research in Cambridge

 

Research Horizons in Cambridge

Synthetic biology takes root

http://www.research-horizons.cam.ac.uk/spotlight/single-component-biology-is-past--bioengineering-has-begun2.aspx

Creating circuits from multiple components is routine in engineering. Can living systems be constructed using similar principles? 

Living systems are complex, often involve tens of thousands of genetically encoded components, and possess feedback mechanisms for self-organisation, reproduction and repair. They produce functional structures that are many orders of magnitude more complex than the most sophisticated man-made artefacts known today. It is generally accepted that understanding such complex genetic systems requires more than a description of its component parts; knowledge of the dynamic interactions within a system is also essential. The emerging field of synthetic biology aims to employ principles of standardisation and decoupling, well known in engineering, to construct complex biological circuits that behave just like living systems.

407.jpg.jpegScaling up from microbes

Synthetic biology uses well-characterised and reusable genetic components in combination with numerical models for the design of biological circuits. For microbes, this approach is providing a powerful conceptual and practical framework for the systematic engineering of gene expression and behaviour.
Can the same be achieved for multicellular systems, with their greater diversity of cell types and biochemical specialisation? Of all multicellular systems, plants are the obvious first target for this type of approach. Plants possess indeterminate and modular body plans, have a wide spectrum of biosynthetic activities and can be genetically manipulated. Assembling new feedback-regulated genetic circuits could modify plant form and biosynthetic activities, with the ultimate prospect of using them in crop systems for the production of biomass, food, polymers, drugs and fuels.

Engineering plant systems

A systematic approach to engineering plants requires a suitable control circuit to be established by combining interchangeable DNA parts, devices and systems. Not only must robust gene expression be achieved at an appropriate level, time and place during the plant’s lifecycle, but the circuit must also trigger the expression of suitable genetic markers that alter the characteristics of the organism.
In the Department of Plant Sciences, a unique library of genetic circuits and interchangeable parts (PhytoBricks) is being created for the biological engineering of plant systems. A software environment has also been constructed to model the properties of the multicellular system, describing both the physical interactions between cells and the cells’ genetic properties. This allows the design and testing of new morphogenetic programs in silico, before creating the plant systems themselves.

The future

The growing application of engineering principles to biological design and construction marks a practical transition for biological research. As part of this shift, synthetic biology is beginning to offer improved rational design and reprogramming of biological systems. It holds great promise for the future improvements in microbial, plant and animal cell engineering that are clearly needed for the renewable technologies of the 21st century.

IGEM

An annual, worldwide, open design challenge for students – to design and test a simple biological system from standard, interchangeable parts and to operate it in living cells – is held by the Biological Engineering Division of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. This competition, known as the International Genetically Engineered Machine (IGEM; www.igem.org), has played a special role in the development of synthetic biology as a field in Cambridge, acting as a nucleus for a growing network of researchers to collaborate; scientists from eight departments and three nearby institutes now work together through the Cambridge iGEM project. In 2007, the Cambridge team received Gold Awards and a prize for the best BioBrick (see www.synbio.org.uk).

For more information, please contact the authors Dr Jim Haseloff ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it ) at the Department of Plant Sciences or Dr Jim Ajioka ( This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it ) at the Department of Pathology.

 

New Sainsbury Laboratory in Cambridge

Gatsby Charitable Foundation funds international plant science research centre in Cambridge

 Cambridge will be home to a new research laboratory for the study of plant development, thanks to the largest single gift received by the University since the launch of the 800th Anniversary Campaign.

£82 million has been provided by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation for an iconic building designed by award-winning architects Stanton Williams.

Construction work, led by Kier Group, has now begun on the site, which is situated in the private working area of the Botanic Garden. A groundbreaking ceremony was held today attended by Lord Sainsbury, founder of the Gatsby Foundation, and the University of Cambridge Vice-Chancellor, Professor Alison Richard.

Due for completion in late 2010, The Sainsbury Laboratory will house 120 scientists, supported by more than 30 additional staff. They will be studying plant development in state-of-the-art laboratory facilities designed in consultation with Bob McGhee, a leading American laboratory designer responsible for the design of more than 50 laboratories for the Howard Hughes Foundation in America.

The building will also provide a home for the University Herbarium, which contains over one million pressed and dried plant specimens from all over the world, including those collected by Charles Darwin on the Beagle voyage. This collection is a key resource in our understanding of plant evolution and biodiversity.

Experienced as a series of landscaped spaces - entry court, central courtyard and formal lawn - every aspect of the building will take into account the fact that the surrounding Botanic Garden provides the setting and the inspiration for research.

External walls reflect this permeability, using glazing shaded by rhythmic arrangements of columns that enhance views into and out of the building. The main working spaces will be on the first floor. They will have generous natural light and views across the Garden.

Formal and informal meeting places, cafe facilities and informal study areas are positioned on the internal route around the central court. This route, which connects laboratories and social places, also extends out into the network of pathways within the Botanic Garden itself.

Professor Alison Richard said: "Cambridge has a strong record in the study of plant biology - a science which is now accepted as critical for our planet. This makes the Gatsby Foundation's gift to the University both natural and transformational - we are truly grateful."

Lord Sainsbury said: "This is one of the most exciting projects with which my Charitable Foundation has been involved. It combines an inspirational research programme, an historic site in the Botanic Garden and a beautiful laboratory designed by Stanton Williams, and I believe it will soon become a world-class centre of excellent plant science."

The Botanic Garden was originally conceived by Professor Henslow, Darwin's guide and mentor, to present his early 19th century research programme on the nature of species.

Professor John Parker, Director of the Botanic Garden, comments: "The Garden looks forward in the 21st century to maintaining its position with the study of plant diversity in the most modern way. The laboratory will be dedicated to the advancement of curiosity-driven research. However it is hard to imagine that increasing our knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms of plant development is not going to have a very significant impact on the improvement of agriculture in years to come."

Photograph shows (l - r) Professor John Parker, Director, Botanic Garden; Professor Alison Richard. Vice-Chancellor; Mr Roy Murphy, Regional Director, Kier Group; Mr Michael Bienias, Director, University Estate Management; Lord Sainsbury


The University's Department of Plant Sciences is the premier University centre for research in plant and microbial sciences. It offers unrivalled research and training opportunities in the following areas: Plant Development, Cell Biology, Photosynthesis and Metabolism, and Epidemiology, Ecology and Evolution.


The pre-eminence of the Department, under the leadership of Professor John Gray, was further strengthened recently by the recruitment of Professor David Baulcombe from the Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich to be University Professor of Botany. His research is being funded by a £2 million grant from the Gatsby Foundation, which has given a further £2 million to support additional research fellowships in the department. Professor Baulcombe was recently awarded The Lasker Prize for his work, America's highest research honour.

From: http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/dp/2008111902, Nov 2008 

For drafted images of the building: http://www.stantonwilliams.com/projects/28_sainsburylaboratory.html

 

Emergent Science City: KAUST, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Emergent Science City: KAUST, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

map_jeddah

  • Population: 3,855,912
  • GDP Per Capita (PPP): $23,200
  • Type of Government: Monarchy

Gender segregation is the law in Saudi Arabia, where women who aspire to higher education must be taught by closed-circuit television, sequestered from their male professors. But this will change for some with the 2009 opening of the King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST). The university, being built on the coast 80 kilometers north of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia's second largest city, will meet a growing demand: As Saudi women have gravitated toward scientific and technical disciplines in recent years, companies have increased their hiring of female researchers. In a city already known as the liberal bastion of Saudi Arabia, the university will also bring a thoroughly Western touch, with the mixed-gender science courses all taught in English.

How Kaust's Endowment Stacks Up

King Abdullah bankrolled KAUST with a $10 billion gift, instantly making it the sixth-richest university in the world. It took Harvard, which has the world's largest endowment at more than $35 billion, 350-plus years to accumulate $10 billion.

University Endowments

Higher education is not the only area of scientific growth. This summer, high school girls participated in a month-long workshop on green technology and sustainable design. At the end of the "Natural Treasures" program, the girls—whose proposals included a natural mosquito repellant extracted from the Neem tree and a method for purifying and reusing Jeddah's sewer water—were taught how to register their inventions for patents. Also this year, Jeddah announced plans to build a new nanotechnology center, financed with $3.2 million from King Abdullah. As Saudi Arabia transitions from a petroleum-based country to one based on research and innovation, the scientific culture now taking root in Jeddah will be one to emulate. —Abbie Morgan

Seed 19

Emergent Science City: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Posted November 20, 2008
Originally appeared in Seed 19

From Seed Magazine: http://seedmagazine.com/stateofscience/sos_emergent_city_jeddah.html

   

Dr. Gillian Fraser - Bacterial motility

Dr. Gillian Fraser

Department of Pathology

Bacterial motility

Bacterial cell polarity and flagella biogenesis; 
Bacterial regulatory networks

 

 

Dr. Julian Parkhill - Microbial genomics

Dr. Julian Parkhill

Sanger Centre

 

Bioinformatic analysis of microbial genomes

 

 

   

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